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The use of float glass railway station Crystal Palace, London
Float glass is a glass plate made by the molten glass floats on a bed of tin molten. This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and flat surfaces. Modern windows are made of float glass. Most float glass is soda-lime glass, but relatively small amounts of specialty borosilicate glass and flat panel displays are also produced using processes float glass. The process of float glass is also known as the process of Pilkington, the British name of the glassmaker Pilkington, which launched the technology (invented Sir Alastair Pilkington) in the 1950s.
History
old window containing a sheet of float glass in the top left Jena, Germany. The other sections are probably not float glass, as indicated by the distorted reflections of a tree.
In previous centuries window glass, or made flat glass blowing large cylinders or large disks. The cylinders were opened and flattened, the boards were cut in the leaves. Most of glass for the windows until the early 19th century was made from washers yes, while most windows during the 19th century took the cylinder method (These bottles were 6-8 feet (2 to 2.5 m) long and 10-14 inches (250-350 mm) in diameter).
Early developments in the manufacturing automation glass was patented in 1848 by Henry Bessemer, English engineer. His system produces a ribbon continuous glass plate forming the strip between the rollers. It was an expensive process, as the region is necessary to polish the glass. If the glass can be adjusted in a perfectly smooth, which reduces costs considerably. We tried to form flat glass in a bath of molten tin, in particular the United States. Several patents have been granted, but this process was not viable.
Before the development of float glass flat glass plate have been made by casting a large puddle of glass on an iron surface, and polishing of both sides, an expensive process. Since early 1920, a continuous ribbon of flat glass increased through a long series of grinding and polishing line, reduce losses and the cost of glass.
Glass of inferior quality, Window Glass is done by drawing up from a pool of molten glass a thin sheet, which was held on the edges by rollers. As it cooled the blade upward stiffened and could be reduced. The two parallel surfaces were less quality than float glass. This process continued in use since After many years the development of float glass.
From 1953 to 1957, Sir Alastair Pilkington and Kenneth Bickerstaff Brothers Pilkington United Kingdom has developed the first application successful business for the formation of a continuous ribbon of glass using a molten tin bath in which the flow of molten glass without barrier under the influence of gravity. The success of this process lies in the delicate balance of the amount of glass lodged in the bathroom, when crushed by its own weight. The maximum level of profitable sales of float glass is achieved for the first time in 1960.
Manufacturing
Uses current float glass manufacturing raw materials, usually consisting of sand, soda ash (sodium carbonate), dolomite, limestone, and the cake salt (sodium sulphate). Other materials can be used as colorants, or to adjust the refining and chemical physical properties of glass. Raw materials are mixed in a batch mixing process, then fed helmets (waste glass) at a controlled rate in an oven where it is heated to about 1500. Common flat glass furnaces is 9 m wide, 45 meters long and contain over 1,200 tons of glass. Once melted, the glass temperature is stabilized around 1200 to ensure a uniform density.
Molten glass is introduced into a tin bath, a bath of molten tin (approximately 3.4m wide, 50m long, 6 cm deep), through a distribution channel. The amount of glass can make on the molten tin is controlled by a door.
Tin is appropriate for the float glass process, because it has a high density is immiscible, and is consistent. Tin, however, is highly reactive and oxidize with oxygen in a natural environment to form tin dioxide (SnO2). Known in the production process and foam, tin dioxide adheres to glass. To avoid oxidation, the tin bath is equipped with an atmosphere positive pressure protector consisting of a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen.
The glass flows into the surface of the tin forming a floating ribbon perfectly smooth surface on both sides and a uniform thickness. As the glass flows through the tin bath, the temperature is gradually reduced from 1100 until the blade can be lifted from the can roller 600. The glass ribbon is removed from the bath by the rollers at a speed controlled. Change … (And so on) For more information, can see some products on the roll rectifier, grill mesh machine. Machine HM-DA660 luxury goods manufacturing should be mandatory more shows here!
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